Screen LibraryRoad tunnels : an analytical model for risk analysis /
This book illustrates a new quantitative risk analysis model for road tunnels that is capable of evaluating the role of infrastructure measures, equipment and management procedures as prescribed by EU Directive 2004/54/EC. The risk assessment draws on the typical F-N curves of societal risk, evaluat...
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| Main Authors: | |
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| Group Author: | ; ; |
| Published: |
Springer,
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| Publisher Address: | Cham, Switzerland : |
| Publication Dates: | [2019] |
| Literature type: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Series: |
SpringerBriefs in applied sciences and technology, PoliMI SpringerBriefs,
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| Subjects: | |
| Summary: |
This book illustrates a new quantitative risk analysis model for road tunnels that is capable of evaluating the role of infrastructure measures, equipment and management procedures as prescribed by EU Directive 2004/54/EC. The risk assessment draws on the typical F-N curves of societal risk, evaluated with the help of event tree analysis, vehicle queue formation dynamics, and users' egress and tenability models. In addition, the model considers the reliability of the safety measures. The work provides essential guidance on the following aspects: how a quantitative model can be implemented to evaluate risk in road tunnels; how to build an event tree for the accident scenarios considered; how to simulate the vehicle queue formation; how to simulate the evolution of accident scenarios; and how to simulate the users' egress. Given its scope and depth of coverage, the book will be of interest to all engineers whose work involves fire protection and safety in tunnels, all persons engaged in safety and transport engineering or risk analysis for road tunnels, as well as public and private bodies involved in the application of Directive 2004/54/EC. |
| Carrier Form: | xx, 117 pages : illustrations (some color) ; 24 cm. |
| Bibliography: | Includes bibliographical references. |
| ISBN: |
9783030005689 3030005682 |
| Index Number: | TA815 |
| CLC: | U452 |
| Call Number: | U452/B732 |
| Contents: |
Intro; Preface; Acknowledgements; Contents; Symbols, Acronyms and Abbreviations; Parameters; 1 Road Tunnels Risk Analysis; 1.1 Risk andIts Components; 1.2 Risk Analysis Method; 1.3 Risk Representation andAcceptance; References; 2 Background ofModelling Approaches andTools; 2.1 QRAM Software; 2.2 Theoretical Basis fortheEgress Model; 2.2.1 Pre-movement Time; 2.2.2 Choice oftheEmergency Exit; 2.2.3 Movement Speed; 2.3 Existing Egress Models; 2.3.1 EvacTunnel; 2.3.2 GridFlow; 2.3.3 STEPS; 2.3.4 PathFinder; 2.3.5 FDS + Evac; References; 3 Model Structure 3.1 Event Tree Analysis andFrequencies ofOccurrence ofAccidental Scenarios3.2 Position oftheAccidental Scenarios; 3.2.1 Probability ofOccurrence ofAccidents fortheDifferent Positions Along theTunnel; References; 4 Tunnel Infrastructure Measures, Equipment andManagement Procedures; 4.1 Interdependence Between theMeasures; 4.2 Independent Measures; 5 Queue Formation Model; 5.1 Queue Formation Speed; 5.1.1 Time Required fortheQueue toReach theTunnel Entrance; 5.1.2 Tunnel Closing Time; 5.1.3 Distance Between theVehicles Stopped intheQueue; 5.1.4 Queue Length 5.1.5 Case 1: Queue Length Longer Than theUpstream Tunnel Section5.1.6 Case 2: Queue Length Shorter Than theUpstream Tunnel Section; 5.1.7 Number ofPotentially Exposed Tunnel Users; 6 Distribution Model ofPotentially Exposed Users; 6.1 Evaluation oftheEvacuation Distance; 7 Consequence Analysis oftheAccidental Scenarios; 7.1 Quantification oftheConsequences oftheAccidents; 7.1.1 Computational Fluid Dynamics forFire Safety andAccident Analysis; 7.2 Zone Models; 7.2.1 Zone Model Software forTunnel Fires; References; 8 Egress Model ofTunnel Users; 8.1 Tunnel Zone Model 8.1.1 Analysis ofZone 1-Z1S8.1.2 Analysis ofZone 2-Z2S; 8.2 Egress Time; 8.2.1 Pre-movement Time; 8.2.2 Movement Time; 8.3 Procedure fortheEvaluation ofUsers' Tenability; 8.3.1 Comparison Between ASET andPre-movement Time; 8.3.2 Dynamic Comparison Between Tenability andUsers Egress Times; 9 Calculation oftheF-N Curve andtheExpected Damage Value; 10 Model Calibration andValidation; 10.1 Model Calibration; 10.2 Sensitivity Analysis; 10.2.1 Tunnel Average Daily Traffic-ADT; 10.2.2 Reference Movement Speed-vbase oftheTunnel Users 10.2.3 Reference Recognition andResponse Times, andTime Taken toExit theVehicle10.2.4 Tenability Threshold Temperature-Tpmax; 10.2.5 Frequency ofOccurrence ofFires andDangerous Goods Release; 10.2.6 Effect oftheLength oftheDiscretization Cell; 10.2.7 Reference Tunnel Closing Time; 10.2.8 Distance Between theEmergency Exits; 10.2.9 Number ofPositions; 10.2.10 Percentage ofBuses ontheTotal Traffic andBuses Occupancy Rate; 10.2.11 Reliability Parameter Tied toMeasure Availability; 10.2.12 Tunnel Infrastructure Measures, Equipment andManagement Procedures |