Screen LibraryCrowd dynamics. Volume 1, Theory, models, and safety problems /
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| Group Author: | ; |
|---|---|
| Published: |
Birkhäuser,
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| Publisher Address: | Cham : |
| Publication Dates: | [2018] |
| Literature type: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Series: |
Modeling and simulation in science, engineering & technology. 2164-3679 |
| Subjects: | |
| Carrier Form: | x, 292 pages : illustrations (chiefly color) ; 24 cm. |
| Bibliography: | Includes bibliographical references. |
| ISBN: |
9783030051280 3030051285 |
| Index Number: | HM1033 |
| CLC: | TB18 |
| Call Number: | TB18/C953/v.1 |
| Contents: |
Intro; Preface; Contents; Contributors; Behavioral Human Crowds; 1 Plan of the Chapter; 2 On the Modeling of Crowd Dynamics; 3 On the Contents of the Edited Book; 4 Critical Analysis and Perspectives; References; Crowd Dynamics in Virtual Reality; 1 Introduction; 1.1 When to (Not) Use VR; 2 VR Studies of Crowd Behavior; 2.1 Comparing Virtual and Real Behavior; 2.1.1 Walking in VR; 2.1.2 Social Interactions in VR; 2.1.3 Comparing Crowd Dynamics in Real and Virtual Environments; 2.2 Crowd Dynamics in VR; 2.2.1 Behavioral Dynamics in VR; 2.3 VR Studies of Crowd Evacuation Behavior 3 The Road AheadReferences; Pedestrian Movement in Smoke: Theory, Data and Modelling Approaches; 1 Introduction; 2 Theory and Data; 2.1 Fire Factors; 2.1.1 Visibility; 2.1.2 Irritancy; 2.1.3 Cognitive and Emotional Influences; 2.1.4 Tenability; 2.2 Pedestrian Factors; 2.2.1 Unimpeded Movement Speed; 2.2.2 Visual Acuity; 2.2.3 Physical Exertion; 2.3 Environmental Factors; 2.3.1 Geometric Complexity; 2.3.2 Way-Finding Systems; 2.3.3 Inclination, Stairs and Surface Material; 3 Modelling Pedestrian Movement in Smoke; 3.1 Modelling the Impact of Reduced Visibility Conditions 3.2 Modelling Way-Finding in Smoke4 Discussion; 5 Conclusion; References; Pedestrian Dynamics: From Empirical Results to Modeling; 1 Introduction; 2 Empirical Results; 2.1 Observables: Flow, Density, and Velocity; 2.1.1 Flow; 2.1.2 Density; 2.1.3 Mean Speed; 2.2 Collective Phenomena; 2.2.1 Jamming and Clogging; 2.2.2 Density Waves, Stop-and-Go Waves; 2.2.3 Lane Formation; 2.2.4 Other Collective Effects; 2.2.5 Emergency Situations, ``Panic''; 2.3 Fundamental Diagram; 2.3.1 Single-File Movement in Circuit; 2.3.2 Pedestrian Movement in Straight Corridor 2.3.3 Pedestrian Movement Through Bottlenecks2.3.4 Pedestrian Movement on Stairs; 2.3.5 Other Geometries; 3 Classification of Models; 3.1 Acceleration-Based Models; 3.2 Velocity-Based Models; 3.3 Decision-Based Models; 3.3.1 Cellular Automata; 3.3.2 Floor Field Model; 3.3.3 Other CA Models and Related Approaches; 4 Performance of Models: Quantitative and Qualitative ``Benchmarking''; 4.1 Stability Analysis; 4.2 Verification and Validation; 5 Summary; References; One-Dimensional Conservation Laws with Nonlocal Point Constraints on the Flux; 1 Introduction; 2 Nonlocally Constrained LWR 2.1 Existence and Uniqueness Results2.2 Finite Volume Approximation; 2.3 Examples; 3 Locally Constrained ARZ; 3.1 Existence and Uniqueness Results; 3.2 Example; 4 Locally Constrained PT; 4.1 Existence Result; 4.2 Example; References; Measure-Theoretic Models for Crowd Dynamics; 1 Introduction; 2 Microscopic and Multi-scale Models; 2.1 Microscopic: The Social Force Models; 2.1.1 Panic; 2.2 Microscopic: Models for Animal Groups; 2.3 Microscopic: Cucker-Smale Model; 2.4 Multi-scale Models; 2.4.1 The Wasserstein Distance; 2.4.2 Existence and Uniqueness of Solutions to (6) |