Screen LibraryThe 3-D global spatial data model : principles and applications /
Traditional methods for handling spatial data are encumbered by the assumption of separate origins for horizontal and vertical measurements, but modern measurement systems operate in a 3-D spatial environment. The 3-D Global Spatial Data Model: Principles and Applications, Second Edition maintains a...
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| Main Authors: | |
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| Published: |
CRC Press, Taylor & Francis Group,
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| Publisher Address: | Boca Raton, FL : |
| Publication Dates: | [2018] |
| Literature type: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Edition: | Second edition. |
| Subjects: | |
| Summary: |
Traditional methods for handling spatial data are encumbered by the assumption of separate origins for horizontal and vertical measurements, but modern measurement systems operate in a 3-D spatial environment. The 3-D Global Spatial Data Model: Principles and Applications, Second Edition maintains a new model for handling digital spatial data, the global spatial data model or GSDM. The GSDM preserves the integrity of three-dimensional spatial data while also providing additional benefits such as simpler equations, worldwide standardization, and the ability to track spatial data accuracy with greater specificity and convenience. This second edition expands to new topics that satisfy a growing need in the GIS, professional surveyor, machine control, and Big Data communities while continuing to embrace the earth center fixed coordinate system as the fundamental point of origin of one, two, and three-dimensional data sets. Ideal for both beginner and advanced levels, this book also provides guidance and insight on how to link to the data collected and stored in legacy systems. -- |
| Carrier Form: | xxxii, 492 pages : illustrations, tables, maps ; 24 cm |
| Bibliography: | Includes bibliographical references and index. |
| ISBN: |
9781498722162 1498722164 |
| Index Number: | QA402 |
| CLC: | O18 |
| Call Number: | O18/B959/2nd ed. |
| Contents: |
Note continued: Machine generated contents note: f Vector-n, 1 -- B Matrix-n, u -- Q Matrix-n, n -- Computer Printouts -- Notes Pertaining to Adjustment -- References -- Introduction -- Background -- Summary of Pertinent Concepts -- Detailed Example Based on Wisconsin Network -- Conclusion -- Features -- The Functional Model -- The Stochastic Model -- Database Issues -- Implementation Issues -- Examples and Applications -- Example 1: Supplemental NMSU Campus Control Network -- Example 2: Hypothesis Testing -- Example 3: Using Terrestrial Observations in the GSDM -- Example 4: Using the GSDM to Develop a 2-D Survey Plat -- Example 5: New Mexico Initial Point and Principal Meridian -- Example 6: State Boundary between Texas and New Mexico along the Rio Grande River -- Example 7: in Wisconsin-Leveling in the Context of the GSDM (Example in Wisconsin) -- Example 8: Determining the NAVD 88 Elevation of HARN Station REILLY -- Example 9: Determining the Shadow Height at a Proposed NEXRAD Installation -- Example 10: Comparison of 3-D Computational Models -- Example 11: Underground Mapping -- Example 12: Laying Out a Parallel of Latitude Using the GSDM -- Analogous to Solar Method -- Analogous to Tangent-Offset Method -- The Future Will Be What We Make It -- References. The GSDM -- Functional Model Component -- Computational Designations -- Algorithm for Functional Model -- Stochastic Model Component -- The GSDM Covariance Matrices -- The GSDM 3-D Inverse -- BURKORD[™]: Software and Database -- Summary -- The GSDM Facilitates Existing Initiatives -- U.S. National Academy of Public Administration Reports -- National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration -- Coalition of Geospatial Organizations -- Other Applications -- Dynamic Environments -- Static Environments -- Information Provided by the GSDM -- Spatial Data Defined -- Coordinate Systems Give Meaning to Spatial Data -- Spatial Data Types -- Spatial Data Visualization Is Well Defined -- Direct and Indirect Measurements Contain Uncertainty -- Fundamental Physical Constants Are Held Exact -- Measurements/Observations Contain Errors -- Measurements Used to Create Spatial Data -- Taping -- Leveling -- EDMI -- Angles -- GPS and GNSS -- Remote Sensing -- Photogrammetry -- LiDAR -- Logistics -- Errorless Spatial Data -- Sources of Primary Spatial Data -- Observations and Measurements -- Errorless Quantities -- Derived Spatial Data Are Computed from Primary Spatial Data -- Establishing and Preserving the Value of Spatial Data -- Conventions -- Numbers -- Fractions -- Decimal -- Radian -- Sexagesimal -- Binary -- Unit Conversions -- Coordinate Systems -- Significant Digits -- Addition and Subtraction -- Multiplication and Division -- Avoid Mistakes by Working with Coordinate Differences -- Logic -- Arithmetic -- Algebra -- Axioms of Equality (for Real Numbers A, B, and C) -- Axioms of Addition (for Real Numbers A, B, and C) -- Axioms of Multiplication (for Real Numbers A, B, and C) -- Boolean Algebra -- Geometry -- Point -- Distance -- Dimension -- Line -- Plane -- Angle -- Circle -- Ellipse -- Triangle -- Quadrilateral -- Rectangle -- Square -- Trapezoid -- Parallelogram -- Polygon -- Pythagorean Theorem -- Solid Geometry -- Sphere -- Ellipsoid -- Cube -- Polyhedron -- Tetrahedron -- Pyramid -- Equation of a Plane in Space -- Equation of a Sphere in Space -- Equation of an Ellipsoid Centered on the Origin -- Conic Sections -- Vectors -- Trigonometry -- Trigonometric Identities -- Law of Sines -- Law of Cosines -- Spherical Trigonometry -- Calculus -- Example -- Differential Calculus Equations -- Integral Calculus Equations -- Probability and Statistics -- Standard Deviation -- Measurement -- Errors -- Blunders -- Systematic Errors -- Random Errors -- Error Sources -- Personal -- Environmental -- Instrumental -- Accuracy and Precision -- Computing Standard Deviations -- Standard Deviation of the Mean -- Confidence Intervals -- Hypothesis Testing -- Matrix Algebra -- Models -- Functional -- Stochastic -- Error Propagation -- Error Ellipses -- Least Squares -- Linearization -- Procedure for Nonlinear Solution -- Applications to the GSDM -- Two-Dimensional Cartesian Models -- Math/Science Reference System -- Engineering/Surveying Reference System -- Coordinate Geometry -- Forward -- Inverse -- Intersections -- Line-Line (One Solution or No Solution If Lines Are Parallel) -- Line-Circle (May Have Two Solutions, One Solution, or No Solution) -- Circle-Circle (May Have Two Solutions, One Solution, or No Solution) -- Perpendicular Offset -- Area by Coordinates -- Circular Curves -- Definitions -- Degree of Curve -- Elements and Equations -- Stationing -- Metric Considerations -- Area Formed by Curves -- Area of Unit Circle -- Spiral Curves -- Spiral Geometry -- Intersecting a Line with a Spiral -- Computing Area Adjacent to a Spiral -- Radial Surveying -- Vertical Curves -- Three-Dimensional Models for Spatial Data -- Volume of a Rectangular Solid -- Volume of a Sphere -- Volume of Cone -- Prismoidal Formula -- Traditional 3-D Spatial Data Models -- The 3-D GSDM -- Introduction: Science and Art -- Fields of Geodesy -- Goals of Geodesy -- Historical Perspective -- Religion, Science, and Geodesy -- Degree Measurement -- Eratosthenes -- Poseidonius -- Caliph Abdullah al Mamun -- Gerardus Mercator -- Willebrord Snellius -- Jean Picard -- Isaac Newton -- Jean-Dominique and Jacques Cassini -- French Academy of Science -- Meter -- Developments during the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries -- Forecast for the Twenty-First Century -- The Two-Dimensional Ellipse -- The Three-Dimensional Ellipsoid -- Ellipsoid Radii of Curvature -- Normal Section Radius of Curvature -- Geometrical Mean Radius -- Rotational Ellipsoid -- Equation of Ellipsoid -- Geocentric and Geodetic Coordinates -- BK1 |