Screen LibraryLexical ambiguity resolution : perspectives from psycholinguistics, neuropsychology, and artificial intelligence /
The most frequently used words in English are highly ambiguous; for example, Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary lists 94 meanings for the word "run" as a verb alone. Yet people rarely notice this ambiguity. Solving this puzzle has commanded the efforts of cognitive scientists f...
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| Corporate Authors: | |
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| Group Author: | ; ; ; |
| Published: |
Morgan Kaufmann Publishers,
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| Publisher Address: | San Mateo, Calif. : |
| Publication Dates: | 1988. |
| Literature type: | eBook |
| Language: | English |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: |
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/book/9780080510132 |
| Summary: |
The most frequently used words in English are highly ambiguous; for example, Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary lists 94 meanings for the word "run" as a verb alone. Yet people rarely notice this ambiguity. Solving this puzzle has commanded the efforts of cognitive scientists for many years. The solution most often identified is "context": we use the context of utterance to determine the proper meanings of words and sentences. The problem then becomes specifying the nature of context and how it interacts with the rest of an understanding system. The difficulty becomes especially apparent in the attempt to write a computer program to understand natural language. Lexical ambiguity resolution (LAR), then, is one of the central problems in natural language and computational semantics research. A collection of the best research on LAR available, this volume offers eighteen original papers by leading scientists. Part I, Computer Models, describes nine attempts to discover the processes necessary for disambiguation by implementing programs to do the job. Part II, Empirical Studies, goes into the laboratory setting to examine the nature of the human disambiguation mechanism and the structure of ambiguity itself. A primary goal of this volume is to propose a cognitive science perspective arising out of the conjunction of work and approaches from neuropsychology, psycholinguistics, and artificial intelligence--thereby encouraging a closer cooperation and collaboration among these fields. Lexical Ambiguity Resolution is a valuable and accessible source book for students and cognitive scientists in AI, psycholinguistics, neuropsychology, or theoretical linguistics. |
| Carrier Form: | 1 online resource (ix, 518 pages) : illustrations |
| Bibliography: | Includes bibliographical references and index. |
| ISBN: |
9780080510132 0080510132 |
| Index Number: | P325 |
| CLC: | H030 |
| Contents: |
Cover image; Title page; Table of Contents; Copyright; Foreword; Preface; PART I: COMPUTER MODELS; Chapter 1: Word Expert Parsing Revisited in a Cognitive Science Perspective; Publisher Summary; 1 Introduction; 2 Lexical Ambiguity Resolution; 3 Word Expert Parsing and Psycholinguistics; 4 Conclusions and Further Research; Appendix: An Example Word Expert; Chapter 2: Lexical Ambiguity Resolution in a Deterministic Parser; Publisher Summary; 1 Introduction; 2 Syntactic Context; 3 The Role of Agreement in Handling Ambiguity; 4 Possible Uses for Agreement in English. Chapter 3: Resolving Lexical Ambiguity Computationally with Spreading Activation and Polaroid WordsPublisher Summary; 1 Introduction; 2 Marker Passing; 3 Polaroid Words; 4 What Polaroid Words Can't Do; 5 Psychological Reality; 6 Conclusion; Acknowledgments; Chapter 4: Are Vague Words Ambiguous?; Publisher Summary; 1 Introduction; 2 What is a Vague Word?; 3 Frame Selection as Word Disambiguation; 4 Frame Selection as Concept Refinement; 5 Comparison to Other Work; 6 Conclusion; Acknowledgments; Chapter 5: Disambiguation in a Lexically Based Sentence Understanding System; Publisher Summary. 1 A Lexically Based Sentence Understanding System2 Some Types of Ambiguity; 3 How to Traverse an Ambiguity Choice Tree; 4 The Syntactic Disambiguation Mechanism; 5 Encyclopedic Disambiguation Mechanism; 6 Solving Additional Deep Understanding Problems; 7 Conclusions; Acknowledgments; Chapter 6: An Account of Coherence, Semantic Relations, Metonymy, and Lexical Ambiguity Resolution; Publisher Summary; 1 Introduction; 2 Coherence, Semantic Relations, and Metonymy; 3 Coherence and Lexical Ambiguity Resolution; 4 Collative Semantics; 5 Example; 6 Summary; Acknowledgments. Chapter 7: A Model of Lexical Access of Ambiguous WordsPublisher Summary; 1 Introduction; 2 Lexical Access; 3 The Seidenberg et al. Model of Lexical Access; 4 A Connectionist Model of Lexical Access; 5 An Example Run; 6 Discussion; 7 Conclusion; Acknowledgments; Chapter 8: Distributed Representations of Ambiguous Words and Their Resolution in a Connectionist Network; Publisher Summary; 1 Introduction; 2 The Model; 3 Resolution; 4 Successive Stable States; 5 Conclusion; Acknowledgments; Chapter 9: Process Synchronization, Lexical Ambiguity Resolution, and Aphasia; Publisher Summary. 1 Introduction2 HOPE Models Normal Sentence Processing; 3 Viewing Ambiguity in Processing; 4 An Interpretation of Neural Ambiguity-Neural Evidence of Multiple Representation and Multiple Effect; 5 Representation of Ambiguity in HOPE; 6 Aphasic Evidence and HOPE Representations; 7 The HOPE Lexicon-A Distributed Representation of a Word; 8 Linguistic Performance Assumptions Inherent in the HOPE System Design; 9 The Internal Control of Disambiguation in HOPE; 10 Parallelism in HOPE; 11 A Summary of the HOPE Architecture; 12 The Role of Time in HOPE Processing. |