Screen LibraryEruptions of popular anger : the economics of the Arab Spring and its aftermath /
Sets out to answer three puzzles: the "Arab inequality" puzzle of civil uprisings in countries with low-to-moderate and stagnant economic inequality, the "unhappy development" paradox of increasing dissatisfaction at a time of moderate-to-rapid development, and the paradox of pol...
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| Main Authors: | |
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| Corporate Authors: | |
| Published: |
World Bank Group,
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| Publisher Address: | Washington, DC : |
| Publication Dates: | [2018] |
| Literature type: | Book |
| Language: | English |
| Series: |
MENA development report series
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| Subjects: | |
| Summary: |
Sets out to answer three puzzles: the "Arab inequality" puzzle of civil uprisings in countries with low-to-moderate and stagnant economic inequality, the "unhappy development" paradox of increasing dissatisfaction at a time of moderate-to-rapid development, and the paradox of political violence in middle-income countries. The book's empirical investigation rules out high and rising inequality as a reason for the Arab Spring uprisings. It shows that the real problem was the erosion in middle-class incomes and the growing dissatisfaction with the quality of life, the shortage of formal sector jobs, and corruption. Frustration was particularly high among the young, educated, middle-class residents in urban areas. The old social contract, which had delivered development results in the past and under which Arab governments provided public-sector jobs and subsidized services in return for subdued voice, was unsustainable and malfunctioning. The public sector could no longer be the employer of choice, but the private sector did not generate enough formal sector jobs, because of distortions that constrained its growth and policies that offered advantages to a few firms with political connections, limiting competition and private investment. The breakdown in the social contract increased the premium on freedom and created impetus for political change. This report shows that the Arab Spring revolutions and the subsequent spread of violence and civil wars in the post-Arab Spring Middle East and NOrth Africa region can be traced to the broken social contract, institutional weaknesses, and regional divisions in societies polarized along ethnic and sectarian lines. The Arab Spring and its aftermath indicate the need for a new social contract under which governments promote private-sector job creation, design public services in a way that holds providers accountable to beneficiaries, and promote inclusion and good governance. |
| Carrier Form: | xix, 152 pages : color illustrations, color maps, forms ; 26 cm. |
| Bibliography: | Includes bibliographical references. |
| ISBN: |
9781464811524 (paperback) : 1464811520 (paperback) 9781464811531 1464811539 |
| Index Number: | JQ1850 |
| CLC: |
D741.05-05 D737.05-05 |
| Call Number: | D737.05-05/I117 |
| Contents: | Acknowledgments -- About the author and contributors. Overview : Three puzzles -- Summary of findings. Part 1 The "Arab inequality" puzzle : 1 Economic inequality: measurement and biases : Introduction -- Income inequality -- Wealth inequality -- 2 Welfare dynamics: definitions and measurement : Introduction -- Defining the middle class -- Synthetic panel method -- Welfare dynamics. Part 2 The "unhappy development" syndrome : 3 Dissatisfaction with life: subjective data analysis : Introduction -- Subjective well-being versus monetary welfare measures -- Measuring life satisfaction -- Dissatisfaction with life in Arab countries -- 4 Subjective well-being dynamics : Introduction -- Objective and subjective well-being: mixed evidence -- Subjective well-being dynamics with synthetic panels -- 5 Symptoms of a broken social contract : Introduction -- A broken social contract -- Major grievances behind the Arab unhappiness. Part 3 The paradox of "political violence in middle-income countries" : 6 Arab Spring protesters and protests : Introduction -- The profile of Arab Spring protesters -- Arab Spring protests and riots -- 7 Aftermath of the Arab Spring : Introduction -- State responses to the Arab Spring -- Foreign interventions, identity-based polarization, and high-intensity civil wars -- Overlapping horizontal divisions -- What explains the Arab paradox of "political violence in middle-income countries"? -- 8 Development consequences and policy implications : Development consequences -- Toward a new social contract and governance model. |